Canada-Ecuador Free Trade Agreement
Early February 2025, government leaders in Canada and Ecuador announced the finalization of a controversial trade deal that, if ratified, will harm the rights and ways of life of Indigenous Nations on the front lines of climate change. Touted by Ecuadorian President Daniel Noboa on the eve of national elections in his country, the Canada-Ecuador Free Trade Agreement is moving forward amid opposition by Ecuador’s largest Indigenous organization and several Indigenous Nations already facing human rights abuses in connection with Canadian mining projects on their territories.
Of particular concern, the proposed agreement features an investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanism despite Ecuadorians having voted in a 2024 constitutional referendum to ban the inclusion of ISDS in future trade deals. Multiple UN bodies and experts have recommended that ISDS not be included in new trade agreements and that they be removed from existing ones, warning that ISDS shackles states in their efforts to combat climate change and to live up to their international human rights obligations.
Witness:
- Viviana Herrera
Viviana Herrera is the Latin America Program Coordinator at MiningWatch Canada, where she works directly with Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities affected by Canadian mining. In collaboration with national and international networks, she coordinates advocacy campaigns to amplify communities’ voices in Canada, advocating for corporate and government accountability. She holds a Master’s Degree in International Studies from the University of Montreal and has been involved in projects focused on the intersection of human rights and the extractive sector in Latin America. From 2016 to 2019, she lived in Bolivia where she worked as a researcher at a La Paz-based research institute on multiple projects dealing with the socio-environmental impacts of mega-hydroelectric dams in the Bolivian Amazon.