Report from 14th Local Tribunal: Dundee Precious Minerals in Homolje, Serbia
Nestled in the mountainous region of eastern Serbia, Homolje is one of Europe’s last remaining wilderness areas and a prominent biodiversity hotspot. It is home to over 140 protected and highly protected species, including 57 listed under the Bern Convention, such as the critically endangered Eurasian lynx and golden eagle. Part of the Carpathian Mountains, Homolje is celebrated for its pristine beauty, rich wildlife, and crystal-clear waters.
In December 2021, the Canadian company Dundee Precious Metals announced plans to open a gold mine in Homolje, using surface extraction techniques that may involve cyanide—an option still under consideration (SaveHomolje).
This proposal has sparked growing concerns about violations to the Rights of Nature and escalating threats to local communities and defenders advocating against the project. Serbia has become a hub for anti-mining movements, marked by widespread protests and large-scale acts of resistance.
The environmental and social consequences of mining in this region would be significant. Potential impacts include deforestation, water and soil pollution, noise disturbances, destruction of natural habitats, and more. The case has been brought before the Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, underscoring the urgent need to safeguard Homolje’s unique ecosystems and cultural heritage.
This case was presented at the 14th Local Rights of Nature Tribunal on November 23, 2024. Given its significance in addressing Canadian mining issues, it has been escalated to be presented at the 6th International Rights of Nature Tribunal. Francesco Martone, as part of the 14th local Tribunal judges panel will present the findings of the hearing.
Judge: Francesco Martone.
Francesco Martone (Italy-Ecuador) is the founder and spokesperson of In Difesa Di per I diritti umani e chi li difende (an Italian NGO network in support of human rights defenders) and an associate of the Transnational Institute in Amsterdam. He is a judge of the International Tribunal on the Rights of Nature, and chairs the Tribunal’s Assembly of Judges. He served as senator of the Italian Senate with the Greens and then with the European Left for 7 years as member of the Senate’s Human Rights and Foreign Affairs Committees focusing on human rights, peace, development, international financial institutions, globalization, and disarmament. Formerly Board Chair for Greenpeace Italy, after having worked for various years in Greenpeace International, he is now one of Greenpeace Italy founding members. He founded a campaign against the World Bank in Italy, and has participated in several countersummits in occasion of G7, UN, World Bank, IMF and WTO meetings, and in various World Social Forum activities. He is also juror of the Permanent Peoples Tribunal. In the past decade he has been advising indigenous peoples organizations on issues related to forests, climate change, climate finance and indigenous peoples’ rights. His current areas of interest are: critique to the Anthropocene, resistance to extractivism, rights of nature, indigenous peoples rights, and land defenders. He is the co-founder of A4C-Artsforthecommons, a platform for artists and activists working on issues related to migration, social justice and rights of nature.