International Rights of Nature Tribunal

The International Rights of Nature Tribunal will join Climate Week in New York in calling for a transition from fossil fuels and advocating for the Rights of Nature as a key response to the climate crisis.

An expert panel will address global cases where the fossil fuel industry has violated Nature’s rights, harmed human rights and environmental defenders, and pushed the planet towards catastrophe. Cases will cover false climate solutions, pipeline projects, oil spills, and sacrifice zones.

Details

End of the Fossil Fuel Era -1st session-
Sunday September 22nd 2024
8:30AM - 4:00PM
Climate Week New York City
The New School
Starr Foundation Hall
63 Fifth Avenue, corner of 13th Street,
New York, NY
RSVP

Important Information

This is the first session of the International Rights of Nature Tribunal’s road towards the UNFCCC COP30 to be held in Bélem, Brazil in November 2025. This road is made out of two sessions addressing two of the major threats to the Rights of Nature and its defenders, and the main causes for the environmental and climate crisis our planet is facing: 

    1. The fossil fuel industry, to be addressed during ‘The End of the Fossil Fuel Era’ session at New York Climate Week on September 22nd, 2024.
    2. The mining industry, to be addressed during ‘The Post-Extractivism Non-Mining Era’ session  to be held in Canada in March 2025, simultaneously to the Prospectors & Developers Association Canada (PDAC) Convention, that represents some of the world’s biggest mining interests.

 

In preparation for both of these sessions, the Tribunal will gather material from cases all over the world affected by these industries. The findings of both sessions will be presented during the COP30 Tribunal in Bélem in November 2025, at a last session: ‘A New Pact with Mother Earth’.

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Introduction

The International Rights of Nature Tribunal has conducted several hearings on fossil fuel activities and false solutions to the climate crisis, including sessions in Quito, Lima, Paris, Bonn, and Glasgow.

Throughout these Tribunals, the reality of climate change has manifested in numerous ways: extreme weather, wildfires, droughts, floods, hurricanes, and their profound impacts on society and Nature cannot be ignored. Despite this, insufficient action is being taken, as evidenced by the projected 110% increase in fossil fuel production by 2030, far exceeding the levels needed to limit warming to 1.5°C. 

Recognized as a prominent international platform for climate stakeholders, the International Rights of Nature Tribunal will leverage the platform of Climate Week New York to amplify its message and advocate for the Rights of Nature, calling for genuine solutions to the climate crisis. The Tribunal hearing will highlight the fossil fuel industry’s ongoing impacts on frontline communities in the U.S. and worldwide, including ecological destruction and exacerbation of the climate crisis. It will specifically examine the industry’s devastating effects on biodiversity and BIPOC communities.

During COP28 in Dubai, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres emphasized the urgent need to phase out fossil fuels to avoid climate catastrophe and meet Paris Agreement goals. “We cannot save a burning planet with a firehose of fossil fuels,” Guterres said. “The 1.5-degree limit is only possible if we ultimately stop burning all fossil fuels. Not reduce. Not abate.” However, no clear red lines were established to prevent the development of new fossil fuel projects or to address the corporate capture of regulatory institutions by the fossil fuel industry.

International Rights of Nature Tribunal

This Tribunal session for the End of the Fossil Fuel Era aims to expose the insufficiency, ambiguity, and structural limitations in achieving the 1.5° goal established in the Paris Agreement. Despite the lack of a phase-out agenda from governments, which continue to expand fossil fuel extraction under the guise of false solutions to the climate crisis, frontline communities worldwide continue to suffer from the destruction and pollution of their lands and water systems. The Tribunal session will highlight violations of the rights of Nature and Nature Defenders, demonstrating that a just and clean transition is viable by keeping oil underground, especially in biodiverse areas like Yasuní, and stopping further fossil fuel extraction. Additionally, the session will introduce the next Tribunal session, which will unveil that the energy transition and post-extractivism cannot rely on mining as a solution.

The Tribunal will convene frontline community representatives from around the world to provide testimony and present evidence. This event will not only bring international scrutiny and pressure to bear on the fossil fuel industry but also create a powerful opportunity for Indigenous Peoples and frontline communities fighting the same industry to come together, exchange knowledge and experiences, and build strategies for resistance.

The Tribunal will feature case presentations, expert panels, and deliberation sessions open to public and media engagement.

Cases from End of Fossil Fuels Era Tribunal

False solutions

False solutions to the climate change crisis

Fossil fuel infrastructure expansion and impacts

The internationally negotiated Paris Agreement, under the auspices of the United Nations Climate Change Convention, orders governments to drastically decrease their fossil fuel production and consumption. Still,while the world keeps burning and the crisis intensifies, everywhere in the world, new fossil fuel pipelines and fossil fuel industry expansion projects see the light, and continue to push our planet towards  fatal tipping points, and its inhabitants towards violence, rights violations, and suffering. This case will address and shed light on some of the most poignant examples of irresponsible projects, covering all continents of the world, showing irresponsible governments and their greed are a global trend that must be stopped. 

International Rights of Nature Tribunal

Talara Refinery and New Amazon Oil expansion (Petroperu lote 64)

Peru boosts oil production amid global inflation, disregarding climate commitments. The Talara refinery and Block 64 threaten indigenous territories in the Amazon. Petroperú, deeply in debt, seeks new financing, despite opposition from the Wampis and Achuar peoples. Oil extraction risks spills, deforestation, and rights violations.
International Rights of Nature Tribunal

Gas pipeline Mozambique

The Mozambican government supports oil exploration in Cabo Delgado, despite links to violence, displacement, and environmental harm. TotalEnergies' LNG project threatens the Quirimbas Archipelago, a UNESCO Reserve. Civil society groups urge financial institutions to withdraw support, citing human rights abuses and massive carbon emissions.
International Rights of Nature Tribunal

Hasdeo Arand (India)

Before mining, Hasdeo Arand in Chhattisgarh, India, was a vital forest home to endangered species and indigenous communities. The region now hosts coal mines operated by Adani Group, causing deforestation, land grabs, and human rights violations. Despite efforts to halt expansion, coal mining continues, threatening biodiversity and indigenous livelihoods.
International Rights of Nature Tribunal

Oil Spill Verde Island Passage & Manila Bay Oil Spill (Philippines)

The Verde Island Passage, the world’s most biodiverse marine habitat, faces threats from LNG and fossil fuel projects in Batangas. The 2023 oil spill and expanding industrialization endanger marine life and local communities. Advocates demand urgent protection, accountability, and action to prevent further ecological and social disasters.
International Rights of Nature Tribunal

MVP Pipeline

The Mountain Valley Pipeline (MVP) faces widespread opposition due to environmental violations, including $2.5 million in fines. Its 303-mile extension into North Carolina threatens sensitive ecosystems and communities. On June 1st, 2024, the International Rights of Nature Tribunal convened to hear testimonies from affected frontline defenders and ecosystems.
International Rights of Nature Tribunal

Musina-Makhado Special Economic Zone (South Africa)

The Limpopo government's MMSEZ project threatens the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve, projecting over one billion tons of CO2e emissions. Despite environmental concerns and a rejected EIA report, the government authorized the project. Civil society organizations' appeals against this decision were dismissed, raising concerns about environmental and social justice.
International Rights of Nature Tribunal

EACOP (East African Crude Oil) Pipeline

Total and CNOOC's East African Crude Oil Pipeline threatens vital ecosystems, including Murchison Falls and Lake Victoria, risking catastrophic spills. The 1,445-km project endangers endangered species and displaces communities. Environmentalists warn that this pipeline exacerbates the climate crisis, generating massive carbon emissions and disrupting critical habitats.
International Rights of Nature Tribunal

Coastal Gaslink Pipeline (Canada)

The 670-km Coastal GasLink pipeline, owned by TC Energy, will transport natural gas from Dawson Creek to Kitimat for export to Asia. Supported by Canadian and British Columbian governments, the project violates Indigenous rights and contributes to climate change, with land defenders facing violence and legal action.

 Sacrifice Zones

A sacrifice zone which can be defined as an area “where residents suffer the devastating environmental health consequences of living downwind and downstream from major pollution hotspots–large industrial complexes of extraction, refining, energy generation, and petrochemical production” (Katia Valenzuela-Fuentes et al.) As the fossil fuel industry, and its deadly projects have been relentlessly advancing, these zones have increased over the world, damaging all living beings and ecosystems.  The Tribunal will address two of them.

International Rights of Nature Tribunal

Sacrifice Zone Louisiana USA

The stretch of the Mississippi River between New Orleans and Baton Rouge is nicknamed “Cancer Alley” because of its concentration of petrochemical facilities. These facilities have been developed and on the rise over the last half-century. It is a clear case of environmental racism, as the concentration of air, noise, and water pollution, mainly impact predominantly black communities that suffer the deathly impacts on their health and lifestyle. Moreover, these developments made all nature disappear in the area, and are responsible for carbon emissions, directly contributing to climate change. The Cancer Alley case is just one illustration of the many fossil fuel related industry infrastructures that have been growing in the Louisiana and surroundings.
vaca muerta

Vaca muerta case (Argentina)

Oil extraction in Vaca Muerta, Argentina, notably through fracking, has severely impacted the ecosystem and Mapuche communities, creating a 'sacrifice zone.' The Tribunal investigated in 2023, documenting environmental damage and displacement of the Mapuche due to unconsulted occupation of their land. These findings supported a declaration of rights violations.

Solutions & voices of land defenders

An environmentally and socially just transition is possible. It has been shown by several examples in the world where indigenous communities, lawyers, land defenders, citizens, NGOs, and other civil society groups have worked together to defend their ecosystems against the fossil fuel industry. These cases are beacons of hope and valuable lessons to continue our fight for the rights of nature and its defenders, and for a better future for our planet. The Tribunal will end its session by giving the voice to representatives and actors of these success stories, and by further reflecting on what would be a just transition out of the fossil fuel era.

International Rights of Nature Tribunal

Yasuni ITT Case

International Rights of Nature Tribunal

Keystone XL Pipeline

The Keystone XL pipeline extension, proposed by TC Energy in 2008, aimed to transport tar sands oil from Canada to Texas refineries. The pipeline would have increased greenhouse gas emissions and environmental harm. Despite legal and environmental opposition, its cancellation highlights growing power for climate justice advocates.
International Rights of Nature Tribunal

Just Transition

The fossil fuel industry's impact is deadly and unequal, disproportionately harming non-human species and vulnerable communities, as seen in cases like Cancer Alley. Ending the fossil fuel era requires a fair transition, prioritizing equity and addressing the needs of frontline defenders and Indigenous communities for a just, sustainable future.
Tribunal Protagonists

Renowned activists and defenders of human rights and nature

Tribunal Structure

Prosecutor and Secretariats will conduct this Tribunal

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Witnesses and Experts
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